Xiao Chuan
“Xiao” in Chinese medicine indicates a wheezing sound which may resemble that of whistling, snoring, or sawing. “Chuan” means “to pant” in Chinese. This syndrome includes difficult or labored breath, shortness of breath, breathing with an open mouth, lifting of the shoulders while breathing, and inability to lie down. “Xiao” and “Chuan” are two different diseases, but in clinic they often manifest simultaneously, so we treat them as one condition. It often presents as bronchial asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema or cardiac asthma.
Excess type: acute onset, deep and long breath, relieved by exhaling, harsh and loud volume, accompanied with a loud cough with phlegm.
Differentiation |
Symptoms |
Formula |
E x c e s s |
wind cold invading the Lungs |
chills and fever without sweating; wheezing or breathlessness, cough with thin white sputum, a feeling of oppression of the chest, headache, runny nose, a floating and tight pulse |
Ma Huang Tang |
exterior cold with heat in the Lung, or wind heat in the Lung |
wheezing or breathlessness, coughing, labored breathing, fever, thirst, hot sensation in the chest, maybe with slight chills; red tongue with thin yellow coating; rapid and forceful, or slightly floating pulse |
Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang |
|
excess heat accumulation in the Lung |
high fever with profuse sweating, labored breathing, severe thirst, irritability, red face, rapid and forceful pulse |
Bai Hu Tang |
|
phlegm in the Lung |
breathlessness, difficulty in exhaling, heavy and full sensation in the chest, cough with profuse thin white sputum, nausea or vomiting, a white thick tongue coating, slippery pulse |
Er Chen Tang |
|
wind cold in the exterior with phlegm heat in the interior |
wheezing with loud sound, breathlessness; coughing with copious, thick, yellow sputum; labored breathing, may be accompanied by chills and fever; a red tongue with a yellow greasy coating, slippery and rapid pulse |
Ding Chuan Tang |
|
dry phlegm in the Lung |
wheezing, dry and sore throat, cough with deep-seated sputum that is difficult to expectorate, dry lips and mouth, a dry thick tongue coating, slippery pulse |
Bei Mu Gua Lou San |
|
Liver attacking the Lung |
wheezing or breathlessness which is induced or aggravated by emotional stress, a sensation of fullness or distention in the chest and hypochondriac region, wiry pulse |
Si Ni San, or Xiao Chai Hu Tang, modified |
Xiao Chuan, cont.
Deficiency type: chronic onset; short, shallow and difficult breathing; relieved by inhalation; low and weak volume, induced or worsened by exertion.
Differentiation |
Symptoms |
Formula |
D e f |
Lung Qi deficiency |
chronic wheezing, short and shallow breath which is induced by exertion; spontaneous sweating, aversion to wind, recurrent colds, pale tongue with deficient pulse |
Si Jun Zi Tang with Yu Ping Feng San |
|
Lung Qi and Yin deficiency |
wheezing, shortness of breath which is induced by exertion, spontaneous sweating or night sweating, thirst, dry mouth, malar flush; pink and dry tongue with scanty coating; deficiency pulse |
Sheng Mai Yin |
||
Kidney Yang deficiency |
chronic wheezing and shortness of breath, worse with exertion, exhalation stronger than inhalation; shallow, difficult or irregular respiration; possibly so shallow as to become difficult to hear or feel; edema, cold limbs, pale tongue with moist white or black coating, deep weak pulse |
Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan or Si Ni Tang |
||
Excess with deficiency |
Kidney Qi deficiency with phlegm |
wheezing, shortness of breath which is more labored during the inhalation than the exhalation, coughing with watery, copious sputum, a stifling sensation in the chest, low back and knee weakness, deep and weak pulse |
Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang |
|
Kidney Yang deficiency with water accumulation |
difficult breathing, especially when lying down, worse at night or during the winter, copious and water sputum, palpitations, a feeling of oppression in the chest, aversion to cold, edema, cold limbs; pale, swollen moist tongue; deep, weak, and slow pulse |
Zhen Wu Tang or Si Ni Tang |